Calibration
Calibration aligns a robot's internal model with its real geometry, restoring accuracy. Mastering and absolute calibration are key after repair or a move.
Calibration is the process of correcting a robot's kinematic model so commanded positions match real ones. Axis mastering (zeroing) sets each joint's reference; absolute accuracy calibration measures and compensates the arm's true geometry.
Calibration is required after replacing a motor or gearbox, a collision, a relocation, or any time absolute positions drift. Without correct mastering, taught points shift and the robot can move unpredictably.
For used and refurbished robots, ask whether the arm has been re-mastered and, if you plan offline programming, whether absolute accuracy calibration is available. A documented calibration is a sign of a quality refurbishment.